The history of nations is splattered with the blood soaked glory of invasion, conquest, defeat and defiance. At the same time, every nation has a slightly embarrassing episode in their military history when their exploits were less than impressive. Some are famous, some so spectacularly half-arsed people have forgotten them. Here is a collection of some of those historical gems.
#3 Italy Invades Southern France June 1940
Intended Outcome: Taking a bite of the invasion pie, increasing influence and flexing military muscles
If some of you are surprised to hear that Italy also invaded France in WW2, nobody blames you, this episode is worthy of ignorance.
There was no strategic importance to the invasion – after all, the majority of the French and British forces were being routed in the north of France. So far, Germany had invaded Poland, Belgium, Holland and France and was at war with Britain too, but due to a well equipped army and frighteningly effective tactics they were whooping ass.
Mussolini on the other hand had only held a few military parades through Rome and had been seen folding his arms aggressively once or twice. His input had been no more substantial than acting in the role of “substitute that will never, ever be used unless victory is certain”. Feeling a bit jealous of his buddy and convinced of an easy victory over an already beaten France (who in desperation had offered an armistice the day before) Mussolini ordered the invasion.
Actual Outcome: Heavy casualties, embarrassment, relegation to the Hall of “Let’s Just Not Mention That Shall We” Fame
At this time, even though Mussolini had attempted to convince Hitler otherwise, the Italian army was totally useless. The last time it had seen any proper action was when Mussolini had ordered (in another act of brazen cowardice) the invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). He should have heeded the warning when the Italian army actually found it kind of difficult.
Badly equipped, badly trained and made largely of conscripts, the Italian Army would have struggled to invade the Vatican.
The invasion resulted in little success, even though there was only a skeleton defence force. The soldiers who would have normally been there were attending the party to the north, and the elite Alpine troops had scuttled off to Norway (yes, Germany had invaded them too).
After delays following a storm in the Alps, the Italian army was held up at the Cote d’Azur by an NCO and seven soldiers (which I suspect was actually the JLA’s initial foray into the war). The invasion was a totally retarded attempt at gaining credibility that actually resulted in more casualties for the Italians than the French. The Italians continued to occupy (in the most minimal sense you can imagine) the tiny part they had taken over until 1943, when they capitulated and Germany stepped in.
Crippling Shame
What They Should Have Done
Watched German invasions on replay and copied them.
#2 James IV of Scotland Invades England September 1513
Intended Outcome: Alleviating pressure on Scotland’s ally France, general glory and plunder
What is slightly more depressing about this infamous episode in Scottish history is the fact that it wasn’t important until they made such a cock up of it.
Henry VIII of England had recently taken an army over to Europe with a view to pissing off the French. This was in retaliation to the King of France pissing off the King of Spain and pissing off the Pope. France decided to invoke the ‘Auld Alliance’ they had with Scotland as they were getting a bit tired of fighting three people at once by themselves, and asked James IV to piss of Henry by invading the hell out of England. James IV happily obliged as England had been pissing Scotland off in the same way that they have been doing ever since and he figured he could also take the opportunity to extend Scotland’s borders a bit while indulging is some good old fashioned pillaging and looting which was very much in vogue at the time.
Actual Outcome: Death of James IV and practically all the nobility of Scotland, an Archbishop and 10,000 Scots
Underestimating the English is a common mistake. Germany did it (1940), Napoleon did it (1815), Argentina did it (1982), and even Zanzibar did it (1896). In this case, tragically so did James IV.
But it wasn’t like England was simply kick-ass awesome on the day. The English didn’t try any harder than usual. Cruel as it may seem (and the reason it appears on this list in the first place) the reason the Scots lost so badly was due to mistakes that they made themselves.
The Battle of Flodden Field should have been won by the Scots. They had the larger army (30,000 vs 26,000), newer weapons and the strategic advantage of being the first there allowing them to get into a better position.
These advantages eventually lead to their downfall however.
The problem was that the Scots were in a much better position by the time the English arrived over the horizon. Their position was so much better in fact that the Earl of Surrey who was leading the army invited King James to come join him on a more even playing field. In those days, battles were neatly arranged, could be planned days, even weeks in advance and apart from the carnage and death that took place, were an altogether civilised affair. Naturally James declined, forcing Surrey to out flank the Scottish army.
The fact that the Scottish army also had newer weapons meant that those using them weren’t actually trained with them. They were long pikes from Switzerland that were most effectively used in rigid and well disciplined formation – something the Scottish conscripts lacked. They were also on top of a hill facing down, diminishing their effectiveness even more.
What They Should Have Done
Firstly, I wouldn’t advise any invading army to bring all their most important leaders into a fray that, on the scale of things was not that important.
Secondly, they should have left James behind. Brave and bold though he was, he failed to capitalise on his advantage and was simply out-generaled. His tactics were crap basically.
#1 Italy Invades Greece October 1941
Intended Outcome: Nothing Strategic or Ideological, just in an invasiony kind of mood. Probably something to do with the Roman Empire.
No really. There was no need for the Axis to open up a front in Greece. Hitler wasn’t planning anything with it, it held no significant strategic importance and as long as it remained neutral (although at most friendly towards the allies) it just simply wasn’t a problem. Mussolini managed to manipulate Balkan politics in a way that made his invasion inevitable, but prior to that, everything was fine.
The best answer people can come up with was that Mussolini was jealous of Hitler’s success. Blinded by his ego, he figured that conquering Greece would be a feather in his cap – never mind that he still had a mostly unproven army or that way more important things were going on else where. I think old Benito thought that, just being on the side of the Germans guaranteed him some kind of victory, obviously not fully appreciating the strategic and tactical genius that was the German high command.
Actual Outcome: Initial invasion floundered. Had to call in Germany to help them, resulting in a delayed invasion of Russia, Germany being caught out by Russian winter, losing Stalingrad and Moscow and eventually the whole war. Worst ally ever.
The story of the invasion reads more like a list of mishaps and mistakes occurring one after the other.
Immediately after the initial conflicts the Albanian troops allied with the Italians deserted or defected. One of the generals, Spiro Moisiu, would actually lead the Albanian Anti-Fascist Army after the war, so clearly there was a conflict of interest.
The Italian tanks also found the rocky terrain of Northern Greece difficult to negotiate which slowed the attack.
In writing this, I am trying to turn what happened into something amusing, but really this paragraph from Wikipedia sums it up (yet is still hilarious):
On October 31 the Italian Supreme Command announced that "Our units continue to advance into Epirus and have reached the river Kalamas at several points. Unfavourable weather conditions and action by the retreating enemy are not slowing down the advances of our troops". But in reality, the Italian offensive was carried out without conviction and without the advantage of surprise (not even for air action which was rendered ineffective by poor weather), under a leadership uncertain and divided by personal rivalries, and was already becoming exhausted. Adverse conditions at sea made impossible to do a projected landing at Corfu. By November 1, the Italians had captured Konitsa and reached the Greek main line of defence. On that same day, the Albanian theatre was given priority over Africa by the Italian High Command. However, despite repeated attacks the Italians failed to break through the Greek defences and the attacks were suspended on November 9.
In the end the Italian army found themselves actually being beaten by the Greeks. The Italians ended up having to take defensive positions against the Greeks until the Germans turned up to help in March 1941. It is from this date that history records this as the beginning of The Battle of Greece which just goes to show how piss-poor the 5 months of Italian invasion really had been: it wasn’t even considered worthy of a battle.
By the time the Germans managed to conquer all of Greece and Crete (if one doesn’t include the awesomely effective partisans) it was late Spring of 1941. Having delayed his planned invasion of Russia, Hitler then dedicated a significant portion of his army to occupying Greece before invading Russia.
Hitler is reported to have been well pissed off with Mussolini at this point and was beginning to doubt his effectiveness as an ally. Meanwhile, Britain and France were beginning to think that Mussolini had been bluffing the whole time and secretly hated Hitler and Nazism – he had after all posed the greatest threat to Nazi dominance so far.
With the invasion of Russia delayed, the Wehrmacht were unable to secure Moscow or Stalingrad by the winter. They basically lost the whole frickin’ war because of Mussolini. In the words of Hitler himself (someone who was prone to spread-blaming):
"if the Italians hadn't attacked Greece and needed our help, the war would have taken a different course. We could have anticipated the Russian cold by weeks and conquered Leningrad and Moscow. There would have been no Stalingrad"

Personally, I am surprised Hitler bothered to sacrifice his own elite SS troops in an effort to rescue Mussolini after he was captured and held by Italian partisans. Seriously. Mussolini was so shit, while still ‘leader’ of Italy, he gets captured and held in a fortress by his own people and has to be rescued by the SS. I’ll say it again: worst ally ever.
What They Should Have Done:
In fairness, in the end the Italians did the right thing. They got rid of Mussolini (although their methods were somewhat un-modern). So really it goes without saying that what they should have done was not let him pretend he was any kind of military leader in the first place. And neither should’ve Hitler.